Santali jạt, oka do̠ Santal jạt ńutumte hõ̠ baḍaeok̕ kana, Bharot diso̠mre ạḍi maraṅ adivasiko khon mit̕ ṭen kana ar Baṅladisạm ar Nepal disom reak̕ aema jaega kore hõ ńamo̠k̕ kana. Onkoaḱ itihas ar ạricạli do Bharot disom reaḱ ạdibạsi ạri-cạli, bises kaete purạute ar tala disom reaḱ ạri-cạli kore ạḍi gạhirte ḍahar menak̕a. Santali somaj reak̕ ạri-cạli, ar mare sahityo (jeleka, jạt pạrsi, sereń, mare kahini) ko menak'a.
🧭 Etohop' -
Santali pạrsi, oka do̠ kherwarian Munda pạrsi kana, ona do̠ Austroasiaṭik pạrsi sãota renak̕ pạrsi kana. Ona reaḱ sirjon se ạricạli babot́ aema jạruṛanak̕ katha menak̕a:
- O̠kte̠ ar O̠kte̠ Jaega: Pạrsi biḍạuic̕ Paul Sidwell meneda, Munda pạrsi do̠ 4000-3500 serma laha Indonesia kho̠n Odisha reak̕ Tatiya disomre hec̕akana. Onḍe khon noako pạrsi do̠ pạchim ar utạr Bharot disom reaḱ aema lekan jaegakore pasnaoena, okare Santali hõ̠ menaḱa. Santal koaḱ asol oṛam do̠ Champa Raj (Nahaḱ Cambodia reaḱ utạr seć) menkate baḍaeok̕ kana, oka khon onko do̠ Assam ar Baṅgla ḍạr talate Bharot diso̠m ko hećlena.[](https://www.khm.uio.no/english/collections/santal/society-and-culture/)
Santal ko do̠ Choṭa Nagpur pạṭhuạ (nitok Jharkhand) kho̠n ko ạcu calaoena ar sanam serma khon aema lekan ḍihạṭ koreko ạcu calaoena, onako modre odisha, pạchim bangla, bihar, assam, ar tripura reaḱ hõ̠ṛẽ̠ hạsạ̃ṛko ar Baṅladisạm ar Nepal disom rehõ ko tahẽna.
📜 Itihas reak̕ ạri-cạli
Santal ko do̠ ạḍi ạḍi din khon ge bir-bạṛti ar ạri-cạliren ko tahẽ kana, onko do̠ ạri-cạli sãote ạḍi jạsti jopoṛao kateko tahen kana. Onkoaḱ somaj ạri-cạli do̠ jạt-pạt reaḱ kana, oka do̠ ạḍi mo̠ńj somaj ạri-cạli sãote.
Onko do̠ itihas lekate jati-jati reaḱ hindu somaj khon bahre ko tahẽkana ar akoaḱ sạdhin somaj-dhorom ạri-cạli ko benao keda, ona reaḱ ạri-cạli do̠ atma (bonga), prakriti devta, ar ạri-cạli reaḱ atma (ancestral spirits) ko sewa wak' kana.
Hul -
Ayurko:
Bidạl do̠ 4 goṭen boeha-misi ko ạyur leda- Sidhu Murmu, Kanhu Murmu, Chand Murmu, Bhairav Murmu, onkoren misera boeha phulo ar jhano murmu saote.
1855 sal reaḱ 30 June hiloḱ Sidhu ar Kạnhu do 10–20 hajar santal ko ạyur ket́ koa, onko do Briṭis ar zamindari bebosta birudh re lạṛhại ko sodor keda, nij ạyurko lạgit́ lạṛhại ko sodor keda.
Isại dhorom reak’ hijuk’:
Isai dhorom do 17th Century re Swedish ar Norway disomren missionary ko hotete Briṭis aḱ ạdibạsi okte re Santal somaj talare Isại dhorom heć lena. 1862 serma khon misonary ko do Santali ạricali ar pạrsi paṛhaoko ehoṕ keda ar 1895 salre Norway disomren misonari Lars Olsen Skrefsrud do Santali te Baebel reaḱ pạhil tarjumae chapa sodorkeda.
Misonari gọpọṛọ:-
Siknạt: Isại missionary ko do Santali somaj re siknạt ko bạṛti keda. Santali gidrạko missionary iskulreko paṛhao ocolena, ona te oloḱ paṛhaoḱ reaḱ ḍhertet́ sudhrạuena bises kaete isai santali somajre.
Ho̠ṛ ho̠po̠n ar o̠lõ̠ṛẽ̠: Santali pạrsi reak̕ lahare o̠lciki do̠ baṅ tahẽkana. Misonari ko do 1890 sal kho̠n Roman akho̠rte Santali o̠lo̠k̕ e̠ho̠p̕ keda. Paul Olaf Boding lekan misonary ko do Santali sabdo puthi, ho̠ṛ aṛan kahni ar sahitya puthi ko do̠ko benao keda.
2011 sal reaḱ lekha lekate 5.46% santal (Lagbhag 3.5 lakh hoṛ) do isai dhorom ko manaoet́ kana. Noa lekha do eṭaḱ dhorom ko khon komgea (Hindu: 63.15%, Sarna/Sari Dhorom: 30%), menkhan Isại dhorom reaḱ probhab do ạḍi maraṅgea, asokaete sikhnạt ar sahitya reaḱ jagakore.
Sanskritik ar dhorom reaḱ kạmi:
Isại Santalko do aema lekan ạri-cạliren Santal ạri-cạli reaḱ jinisko, jeleka sereń, eneć, ar mare kahniko doko doho akada, menkhan Isại ạri-cạli lekateko apnareda. Jeleka, Santal ạri-cạli lekate sereńko do oṛam akana.
Sohrae (mit́ṭen ạri-cạli porob) lekan ạri-cạli reaḱ santal porob do Isại Santal ko manao daṛeaḱa, menkhan ạdibạsi kạmi dãṛẽ bodol kate Isại ạri-cạli ko manao daṛeaḱa.
Isại dhorom reaḱ probhabte Santali reaḱ Isại sahitya benao rakaṕ akana, ona reaḱ sereń, iskul puthi, ar khobor kagoj, aema dhao do pạhilre missionary ko ạgu ocoakan Roman lipi beohar kate.
Santali ho̠ṛkoak̕ ạri-cạli, se beohar babod aema sadharọn kathako menak'a:
Sadharon ar nindhạn: Santali somajre hoṛkoak̕ ạri-cạli do̠ sadharọn ar nindhạn te perec̕gea. Onko do akoak̕ ạri-cạli ar ạri-cạli ko manot̕et̕ kana ar somaj sãote ạḍi jạruṛok̕ kana.
Somaj beṛakan: Mit́kate ar goṭapoṛ reaḱ bhabna do Santali jạt koaḱ ạri-cạli re ạḍi kajak gea. Onko do akoak̕ ato, gharońj, ar somaj lạgit̕ko kạmi kana ar mit̕-mit̕ te ko goṛoako kana.
Prokriti são jopoṛao: Santali koak̕ prokribhute ạḍi gạhir jopoṛao menak̕a. Onko do̠ jạt́, buru ar nạḍri ko manot́et́ kana ar onko sãote ạḍi rạskạte ko tahen kana.
Kạmi ar dirạs: Kạmi ar dirạs do Santali hoṛkoaḱ ạri-cạli re suṭhikge ńelok̕kana. Onko do̠ ạḍi ãṭko kạmi kana ar kạmi, kạmi kạmi, ar eṭaḱ ạri-cạli kạmi kore hõ ạḍi jạruṛaḱ ko ńam kana.
Sanskritik Gorob: Santali jạt ko do akoak̕ pạrsi, sereń, enec̕, ạri-cạli re sạri ge gorob menak̕ takoa. Onko do akoak̕ ạidạri ko dohoe ar ko manaoeda.
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